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pygame.Rect
  pygame object for storing rectangular coordinates
  Rect(left, top, width, height) -> Rect
  Rect((left, top), (width, height)) -> Rect
  Rect(object) -> Rect

  Pygame uses Rect objects to store and manipulate rectangular areas. A Rect can be created from a combination of left, top, width, and height values. Rects can also be created from Python objects that are already a Rect or have an attribute named "rect".

  Any Pygame function that requires a Rect argument also accepts any of these values to construct a Rect. This makes it easier to create Rects on the fly as arguments for functions.

  The Rect functions that change the position or size of a Rect return a new copy of the Rect with the affected changes. The original Rect is not modified. Some methods have an alternate "in-place" version that returns None but affects the original Rect. These "in-place" methods are denoted with the "ip" suffix.

  The Rect object has several virtual attributes which can be used to move and align the Rect:

      x,y
      top, left, bottom, right
      topleft, bottomleft, topright, bottomright
      midtop, midleft, midbottom, midright
      center, centerx, centery
      size, width, height
      w,h

  All of these attributes can be assigned to:

      rect1.right = 10
      rect2.center = (20,30)

  Assigning to size, width or height changes the dimensions of the rectangle; all other assignments move the rectangle without resizing it. Notice that some attributes are integers and others are pairs of integers.

  If a Rect has a nonzero width or height, it will return `True` for a nonzero test. Some methods return a Rect with 0 size to represent an invalid rectangle. A Rect with a 0 size will not collide when using collision detection methods (e.g. `collidepoint()`, `colliderect()`, etc.).

  The coordinates for Rect objects are all integers. The size values can be programmed to have negative values, but these are considered illegal Rects for most operations.

  There are several collision tests between other rectangles. Most python containers can be searched for collisions against a single Rect.

  The area covered by a Rect does not include the right- and bottom-most edge of pixels. If one Rect's bottom border is another Rect's top border (i.e., rect1.bottom=rect2.top), the two meet exactly on the screen but do not overlap, and `rect1.colliderect(rect2)` returns false.

  The Rect object is also iterable:

      r = Rect(0, 1, 2, 3)
      x, y, w, h = r

  New in pygame 1.9.2: The Rect class can be subclassed. Methods such as `copy()` and `move()` will recognize this and return instances of the subclass. However, the subclass's `__init__()` method is not called, and `__new__()` is assumed to take no arguments. So these methods should be overridden if any extra attributes need to be copied.

  copy()
    copy the rectangle
    copy() -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle having the same position and size as the original.

    New in pygame 1.9

  move()
    moves the rectangle
    move(x, y) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle that is moved by the given offset. The x and y arguments can be any integer value, positive or negative.

  move_ip()
    moves the rectangle, in place
    move_ip(x, y) -> None

    Same as the `Rect.move()` method, but operates in place.

  inflate()
    grow or shrink the rectangle size
    inflate(x, y) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle with the size changed by the given offset. The rectangle remains centered around its current center. Negative values will shrink the rectangle. Note, uses integers, if the offset given is too small(< 2 > -2), center will be off.

  inflate_ip()
    grow or shrink the rectangle size, in place
    inflate_ip(x, y) -> None

    Same as the `Rect.inflate()` method, but operates in place.

  scale_by()
    scale the rectangle by given a multiplier
    scale_by(scalar) -> Rect
    scale_by(scalex, scaley) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle with the size scaled by the given multipliers. The rectangle remains centered around its current center. A single scalar or separate width and height scalars are allowed. Values above one will increase the size of the rectangle, whereas values between zero and one will decrease the size of the rectangle.

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  scale_by_ip()
    grow or shrink the rectangle size, in place
    scale_by_ip(scalar) -> None
    scale_by_ip(scalex, scaley) -> None

    Same as the `Rect.scale_by()` method, but operates in place.

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  update()
    sets the position and size of the rectangle
    update(left, top, width, height) -> None
    update((left, top), (width, height)) -> None
    update(object) -> None

    Sets the position and size of the rectangle, in place. See parameters for `pygame.Rect()`pygame object for storing rectangular coordinates for the parameters of this function.

    New in pygame 2.0.1.

  clamp()
    moves the rectangle inside another
    clamp(Rect) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle that is moved to be completely inside the argument Rect. If the rectangle is too large to fit inside, it is centered inside the argument Rect, but its size is not changed.

  clamp_ip()
    moves the rectangle inside another, in place
    clamp_ip(Rect) -> None

    Same as the `Rect.clamp()` method, but operates in place.

  clip()
    crops a rectangle inside another
    clip(Rect) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle that is cropped to be completely inside the argument Rect. If the two rectangles do not overlap to begin with, a Rect with 0 size is returned.

  clipline()
    crops a line inside a rectangle
    clipline(x1, y1, x2, y2) -> ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2))
    clipline(x1, y1, x2, y2) -> ()
    clipline((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) -> ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2))
    clipline((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) -> ()
    clipline((x1, y1, x2, y2)) -> ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2))
    clipline((x1, y1, x2, y2)) -> ()
    clipline(((x1, y1), (x2, y2))) -> ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2))
    clipline(((x1, y1), (x2, y2))) -> ()

    Returns the coordinates of a line that is cropped to be completely inside the rectangle. If the line does not overlap the rectangle, then an empty tuple is returned.

    The line to crop can be any of the following formats (floats can be used in place of ints, but they will be truncated):

    > - four ints

    > - 2 lists/tuples/Vector2s of 2 ints

    > - a list/tuple of four ints

    > - a list/tuple of 2 lists/tuples/Vector2s of 2 ints

    Returns:

      a tuple with the coordinates of the given line cropped to be completely inside the rectangle is returned, if the given line does not overlap the rectangle, an empty tuple is returned

    Return type:

      tuple(tuple(int, int), tuple(int, int)) or ()

    Raises:

      TypeError -- if the line coordinates are not given as one of the above described line formats

    Note

    This method can be used for collision detection between a rect and a line. See example code below.

    Note

    The `rect.bottom` and `rect.right` attributes of a `pygame.Rect` pygame object for storing rectangular coordinates always lie one pixel outside of its actual border.

        # Example using clipline().
        clipped_line = rect.clipline(line)

        if clipped_line:
            # If clipped_line is not an empty tuple then the line
            # collides/overlaps with the rect. The returned value contains
            # the endpoints of the clipped line.
            start, end = clipped_line
            x1, y1 = start
            x2, y2 = end
        else:
            print("No clipping. The line is fully outside the rect.")

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

    New in pygame 2.0.0.

  union()
    joins two rectangles into one
    union(Rect) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle that completely covers the area of the two provided rectangles. There may be area inside the new Rect that is not covered by the originals.

  union_ip()
    joins two rectangles into one, in place
    union_ip(Rect) -> None

    Same as the `Rect.union()` method, but operates in place.

  unionall()
    the union of many rectangles
    unionall(Rect_sequence) -> Rect

    Returns the union of one rectangle with a sequence of many rectangles.

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  unionall_ip()
    the union of many rectangles, in place
    unionall_ip(Rect_sequence) -> None

    The same as the `Rect.unionall()` method, but operates in place.

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  fit()
    resize and move a rectangle with aspect ratio
    fit(Rect) -> Rect

    Returns a new rectangle that is moved and resized to fit another. The aspect ratio of the original Rect is preserved, so the new rectangle may be smaller than the target in either width or height.

  normalize()
    correct negative sizes
    normalize() -> None

    This will flip the width or height of a rectangle if it has a negative size. The rectangle will remain in the same place, with only the sides swapped.

  contains()
    test if one rectangle is inside another
    contains(Rect) -> bool

    Returns true when the argument is completely inside the Rect.

  collidepoint()
    test if a point is inside a rectangle
    collidepoint(x, y) -> bool
    collidepoint((x,y)) -> bool

    Returns true if the given point is inside the rectangle. A point along the right or bottom edge is not considered to be inside the rectangle.

    Note

    For collision detection between a rect and a line the `clipline()` method can be used.

  colliderect()
    test if two rectangles overlap
    colliderect(Rect) -> bool

    Returns true if any portion of either rectangle overlap (except the top+bottom or left+right edges).

    Note

    For collision detection between a rect and a line the `clipline()` method can be used.

  collidelist()
    test if one rectangle in a list intersects
    collidelist(list) -> index

    Test whether the rectangle collides with any in a sequence of rectangles. The index of the first collision found is returned. If no collisions are found an index of -1 is returned.

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  collidelistall()
    test if all rectangles in a list intersect
    collidelistall(list) -> indices

    Returns a list of all the indices that contain rectangles that collide with the Rect. If no intersecting rectangles are found, an empty list is returned.

    Not only Rects are valid arguments, but these are all valid calls:

        Rect = pygame.Rect
        r = Rect(0, 0, 10, 10)

        list_of_rects = [Rect(1, 1, 1, 1), Rect(2, 2, 2, 2)]
        indices0 = r.collidelistall(list_of_rects)

        list_of_lists = [[1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2]]
        indices1 = r.collidelistall(list_of_lists)

        list_of_tuples = [(1, 1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2, 2)]
        indices2 = r.collidelistall(list_of_tuples)

        list_of_double_tuples = [((1, 1), (1, 1)), ((2, 2), (2, 2))]
        indices3 = r.collidelistall(list_of_double_tuples)

        class ObjectWithRectAttribute(object):
            def __init__(self, r):
                self.rect = r

        list_of_object_with_rect_attribute = [
            ObjectWithRectAttribute(Rect(1, 1, 1, 1)),
            ObjectWithRectAttribute(Rect(2, 2, 2, 2)),
        ]
        indices4 = r.collidelistall(list_of_object_with_rect_attribute)

        class ObjectWithCallableRectAttribute(object):
            def __init__(self, r):
                self._rect = r

            def rect(self):
                return self._rect

        list_of_object_with_callable_rect = [
            ObjectWithCallableRectAttribute(Rect(1, 1, 1, 1)),
            ObjectWithCallableRectAttribute(Rect(2, 2, 2, 2)),
        ]
        indices5 = r.collidelistall(list_of_object_with_callable_rect)

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  collideobjects()
    test if any object in a list intersects
    collideobjects(rect_list) -> object
    collideobjects(obj_list, key=func) -> object

    Experimental: feature still in development available for testing and feedback. It may change. Please leave collideobjects feedback with authors

    Test whether the rectangle collides with any object in the sequence. The object of the first collision found is returned. If no collisions are found then `None` is returned

    If key is given, then it should be a method taking an object from the list as input and returning a rect like object e.g. `lambda obj: obj.rectangle`. If an object has multiple attributes of type Rect then key could return one of them.

        r = Rect(1, 1, 10, 10)

        rects = [
            Rect(1, 1, 10, 10),
            Rect(5, 5, 10, 10),
            Rect(15, 15, 1, 1),
            Rect(2, 2, 1, 1),
        ]

        result = r.collideobjects(rects)  # -> <rect(1, 1, 10, 10)>
        print(result)

        class ObjectWithSomRectAttribute:
            def __init__(self, name, collision_box, draw_rect):
                self.name = name
                self.draw_rect = draw_rect
                self.collision_box = collision_box

            def __repr__(self):
                return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}("{self.name}", {list(self.collision_box)}, {list(self.draw_rect)})>'

        objects = [
            ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("A", Rect(15, 15, 1, 1), Rect(150, 150, 50, 50)),
            ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("B", Rect(1, 1, 10, 10), Rect(300, 300, 50, 50)),
            ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("C", Rect(5, 5, 10, 10), Rect(200, 500, 50, 50)),
        ]

        # collision = r.collideobjects(objects) # this does not work because the items in the list are no Rect like object
        collision = r.collideobjects(
            objects, key=lambda o: o.collision_box
        )  # -> <ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("B", [1, 1, 10, 10], [300, 300, 50, 50])>
        print(collision)

        screen_rect = r.collideobjects(objects, key=lambda o: o.draw_rect)  # -> None
        print(screen_rect)

    New in pygame 2.1.3.

  collideobjectsall()
    test if all objects in a list intersect
    collideobjectsall(rect_list) -> objects
    collideobjectsall(obj_list, key=func) -> objects

    Experimental: feature still in development available for testing and feedback. It may change. Please leave collideobjectsall feedback with authors

    Returns a list of all the objects that contain rectangles that collide with the Rect. If no intersecting objects are found, an empty list is returned.

    If key is given, then it should be a method taking an object from the list as input and returning a rect like object e.g. `lambda obj: obj.rectangle`. If an object has multiple attributes of type Rect then key could return one of them.

        r = Rect(1, 1, 10, 10)

        rects = [
            Rect(1, 1, 10, 10),
            Rect(5, 5, 10, 10),
            Rect(15, 15, 1, 1),
            Rect(2, 2, 1, 1),
        ]

        result = r.collideobjectsall(
            rects
        )  # -> [<rect(1, 1, 10, 10)>, <rect(5, 5, 10, 10)>, <rect(2, 2, 1, 1)>]
        print(result)

        class ObjectWithSomRectAttribute:
            def __init__(self, name, collision_box, draw_rect):
                self.name = name
                self.draw_rect = draw_rect
                self.collision_box = collision_box

            def __repr__(self):
                return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}("{self.name}", {list(self.collision_box)}, {list(self.draw_rect)})>'

        objects = [
            ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("A", Rect(1, 1, 10, 10), Rect(300, 300, 50, 50)),
            ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("B", Rect(5, 5, 10, 10), Rect(200, 500, 50, 50)),
            ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("C", Rect(15, 15, 1, 1), Rect(150, 150, 50, 50)),
        ]

        # collisions = r.collideobjectsall(objects) # this does not work because ObjectWithSomRectAttribute is not a Rect like object
        collisions = r.collideobjectsall(
            objects, key=lambda o: o.collision_box
        )  # -> [<ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("A", [1, 1, 10, 10], [300, 300, 50, 50])>, <ObjectWithSomRectAttribute("B", [5, 5, 10, 10], [200, 500, 50, 50])>]
        print(collisions)

        screen_rects = r.collideobjectsall(objects, key=lambda o: o.draw_rect)  # -> []
        print(screen_rects)

    New in pygame 2.1.3.

  collidedict()
    test if one rectangle in a dictionary intersects
    collidedict(dict) -> (key, value)
    collidedict(dict) -> None
    collidedict(dict, use_values=0) -> (key, value)
    collidedict(dict, use_values=0) -> None

    Returns the first key and value pair that intersects with the calling Rect object. If no collisions are found, `None` is returned. If `use_values` is 0 (default) then the dict's keys will be used in the collision detection, otherwise the dict's values will be used.

    Note

    Rect objects cannot be used as keys in a dictionary (they are not hashable), so they must be converted to a tuple. e.g. `rect.collidedict({tuple(key_rect) : value})`

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

  collidedictall()
    test if all rectangles in a dictionary intersect
    collidedictall(dict) -> [(key, value), ...]
    collidedictall(dict, use_values=0) -> [(key, value), ...]

    Returns a list of all the key and value pairs that intersect with the calling Rect object. If no collisions are found an empty list is returned. If `use_values` is 0 (default) then the dict's keys will be used in the collision detection, otherwise the dict's values will be used.

    Note

    Rect objects cannot be used as keys in a dictionary (they are not hashable), so they must be converted to a tuple. e.g. `rect.collidedictall({tuple(key_rect) : value})`

    Changed in pygame 2.5.0: Added support for keyword arguments.

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